Rhino Horn is NOT Medicine » critically endangered species

Gone Forever: Javan Rhino Declared Extinct in Vietnam

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:54 +0000

EXTINCT: The world’s last Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus was murdered for her small horn.

Photo: © WWF-Greater Mekong
The extinction of the Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus) in Vietnam is now confirmed, according to WWF and the International Rhino Foundation (IRF).

A new report released by WWF concludes that Vietnam’s last rhino was a victim of the illegal rhino horn trade.

Poaching was identified as the cause of the extinction of the subspecies; the last individual was shot in the leg, which probably caused its death, and the horn had been removed.

The female rhino’s body was found in Cat Tien National Park on April 29^th, 2010. It is estimated that she died in late January or early February.

DNA analyses conducted at Queen’s University, Canada, determined that the dung samples collected during a 2009/2010 WWF survey belonged to one rhino.

Sadly, the samples matched those taken from the dead rhino.

Lack of political will

Vietnam’s tiny rhino population struggled against several formidable obstacles, including the traditional medicine trade, questionable government funding decisions, and habitat loss.

However, it seems the impact of these obstacles could have been lessened, if only the recommended conservation programs had been implemented and supported by the relevant authorities within Vietnam.

The report indicated that there was a glaring lack of political will and very little, if any, accountability for the protection of this critically endangered species.

Demand for traditional ‘medicines’

WWF noted that Vietnam’s “uncontrolled illegal wildlife trade” and “inadequate protection” of habitat led to the extinction of the country’s rhinos.

Vietnam is facing an extinction crisis due to the largely uncontrolled illegal wildlife trade and rampant, ubiquitous poaching of wildlife. Current protected area management practices and conservation interventions have proved inadequate for dealing with this threat. The extinction of the Javan rhinoceros from Vietnam is a direct result of this inadequate protection and protected area management from all parties involved in its conservation.

The “increasing demand for wildlife in the traditional medicine trade in Vietnam, China and other parts of Asia” continues to decimate Southeast Asia’s wildlife populations.

Rhino horn is still a sought-after ingredient for traditional Chinese medicine, despite the fact it has been rigorously analyzed and contains no medicinal properties. Earlier this year, the Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine and TCM educators spoke out against the continued use of rhino horn.

Indeed, it is the thriving trade in traditional “medicines” made from animal parts which is responsible for killing the world’s last Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus.

Photo: © WWF-Greater Mekong

Habitat loss

It was also revealed that the Vietnamese government focused its funding on “infrastructure development” and demonstrated “insufficient political support” for protecting its critically endangered rhino population.

There was insufficient political support to secure adequate habitat, prevent encroachment, and protect the remaining rhinoceros from hunting. Although Cat Tien National Park is a relatively well funded protected area, as is typical for National Parks in Vietnam a much greater proportion of government funding is spent on activities such as infrastructure development, than on addressing threats to the protected area.

The range of the Javan rhino in Vietnam decreased significantly from 75,000ha in 1988 to just 6,500ha by 2010. Urban development, conversion to agricultural land, park encroachment by settlers, and explosive human population growth proved to be ongoing issues that were never adequately addressed.

Additionally, there was “little or no accountability” within Vietnam’s current protected area management system, which includes rangers, their managers, and protected area managers.

Photo: © WWF-Greater Mekong

‘Conservation failure’

Although once thought to be extinct, Vietnam’s Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus was rediscovered in 1988.

The small population consisted of perhaps a dozen rhinos. Sufficient habitat was available and it was hoped that these rhinos would make a recovery similar to the Southern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum) and the greater one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis ) – both of which were on the brink of extinction 100 years ago.

However, by 2006, probably only three Javan rhinos remained in Vietnam. Despite years of valid recommendations from conservation groups, implementation and accountability were both lacking in Cat Tien National Park.

The extinction of the Javan rhinoceros in Vietnam is a major conservation failure.

Three subspecies of Javan rhino once existed. Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis, which formerly occurred in northeastern India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, is already extinct.

Today, only one subspecies of Javan rhino remains: Fewer than 50 Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus are still surviving in Indonesia’s Ujung Kulon National Park.

Source: Brook, S., Van Coeverden de Groot, P., Mahood, S. “Extinction of the Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus).” 2011. WWF-Vietnam.

Photos provided by & © WWF-Greater Mekong.

Rhishja Cota-Larson

I am the founder of Saving Rhinos LLC, which publishes news and information about the global rhino crisis. I am the Editor of Rhino Horn is Not Medicine and Project Pangolin, author of the book Murder, Myths & Medicine, and a writer for the environmental news blog Planetsave. When I'm not blogging about the illegal wildlife trade, I like to rock out to live music.

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Javan and Sumatran Rhino Posters

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 00:58:58 +0000

New posters!

Posters featuring critically endangered Javan and Sumatran rhinos are now available!

Just in time for World Rhino Day!

These A4 size posters are part of TRAFFIC Southeast Asia‘s “Twelve in Trouble” awareness campaign, which was launched in January 2011. Find out more about the “Twelve in Trouble” campaign by connecting with TRAFFIC Southeast Asia on Facebook®

To download a poster, simply click the URL located beneath each poster image.

Javan Rhino Poster

Download the Javan rhino poster by clicking here.

Sumatran Rhino Poster

Download the Sumatran rhino poster by clicking here.

Check out the downloads page of our website for more rhino posters!

Posters & images: © Saving Rhinos LLC & TRAFFIC Southeast Asia. Javan rhino photo © WWF; Sumatran rhino photo © Yayasan Badak Indonesia, courtesy of International Rhino Foundation.

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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Volunteer to Help Rhinos and More in Zimbabwe

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 20:33:49 +0000

Want to help rhinos and other wildlife in Zimbabwe?

Conservationists in Zimbabwe are fighting a hard battle on the ground with rhino horn syndicates who are well-equipped, very informed, and heavily funded through their lucrative illegal business.

Fortunately, there is a way you can help Zimbabwe’s conservation efforts.

Hands-on conservation project

The Chishakwe Volunteer Programme, a conservation project located in the vast and remote Save Valley Conservancy in the South East Lowveld of Zimbabwe, offers the opportunity to work with rhino scouts, as well as participate in other wildlife research and monitoring projects.

The activities can be quite varied. Volunteers may be doing data entry, filing camera trap photos, ground crewing on rhino ops, darting a dog, sitting in a blind at night, or using telemetry to track lion.

Chishakwe also runs a community outreach program, with an emphasis on environmental education. Community outreach volunteers could be painting a mural, designing materials, collecting and labeling specimens for the camp’s little museum or even presenting a session on a particular species.

Accommodation and meals are provided in a fully serviced, comfortable ranch style house set in a garden. There is a recreation area with a swimming pool for leisure time.

Learn more

For more information about the Chishwakwe Volunteer Programme, visit their contact page and check out the following:

Photos used with permission and information provided by LJ Campbell, Chishakwe, Save Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe. Photo #1 © iStockphoto.com

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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Rhino Head Stolen from Brussels Museum

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:31:19 +0000

Another museum stung by the scourge.

The Brussels Natural History Museum can unfortunately be added to the growing list of institutions hit by the demand for rhino horn: A black rhino head was stolen on Tuesday by three people who managed to flee in a waiting car after being pursued by museum guards.

The gang struck the museum at closing time, according to Expatica.com.

At closing time, the head of a black ‘Diceros bicornis’ rhinoceros exhibited in the mammals gallery was stolen by three people.

This is the second rhino horn robbery in Belgium in less than a month.

On June 16^th, police in Belgium arrested a pair of rhino horn thieves who attempted to steal the head of a rhinoceros from the Liege natural science museum. The rhino horn was returned after the robbers were apprehended at a roadblock.

Museums hit

Belgium is not the only target of thieves hoping to cash in on the demand for rhino horn. Besides Belgium, five museums in three countries have been hit within the last few months.

Germany: Several rhino horns were stolen from museums in Bamberg, Oerrel, and Hamburg
Italy: Three rhino horns were taken from the Museum of Natural History of Florence
England: Thieves took a rhino head from the Haslemere Educational Museum in Surrey

Museums advised to remove rhino horns from display

Last month, Natural Science Collections Association (NatSCA) and the natural history curator at the Horniman Museum, Paolo Viscardi, suggested that in addition to the rhino horn itself, information about the collections should be taken off museum websites.

Museums should also temporarily remove references to rhino horn collections from online collection databases as it makes it easy for these organised criminal gangs to find.

The NatSCA further recommends that museums conduct security audits, remove rhino horn from display, and place it in a secure location.

Do not publicise your rhino material. Thefts have targeted rhino horn that is on display or has been publicised in some way.

Further information can be found at the Rhino Horn Guidance for Museums page on the NatSCA website.

Find out more about the rhino crisis

Behind these rhino horn thefts – and the slaughter of 200 rhinos since the beginning of the year – is the demand for rhino horn, which has skyrocketed since 2007.

Instead of adhering to its obligation as a CITES signatory and working to reduce the demand for rhino horn, China has been pumping millions of dollars into encouraging the use of rhino horn. See Suspicions Confirmed: China Investing Millions in Rhino Horn Scheme
South African hunting safari operators have devised a way to work with Vietnamese smugglers to run rhino horn from South Africa to Vietnam. See Mules Hunting Rhinos? Sinister Scam Unfolds in South Africa
In the UK, rhino horn traders have exploited antiques loopholes. See Effective Immediately: Illegal to Trade Rhino Horn Trophies in the UK
Rhino horn has been rigorously analyzed and actually contains no curative properties. See Busting the Rhino Horn Medicine Myth with Science

Image © Saving Rhinos LLC

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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Extreme Close-Ups of Black and White Rhinos Feeding [Video]

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 22:26:02 +0000

Amazing footage of the two African rhino species.

This incredible video shows the different feeding styles of Africa’s black and white rhinos. The black rhino (also called the “hook-lipped” rhino) uses prehensile lips to browse, and the white rhino (also called the “square-lipped” rhino) uses square lips to graze.

It is thought that the white rhino was not named for its color, but rather for the word “weit” (meaning “wide”), in reference to the rhino’s lips.

The rhinos are so close, you can almost smell them! Enjoy!

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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Suspicious Rhino Death Under Investigation in Namibia

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 21:36:09 +0000

Has Namibia been hit?

Authorities in Namibia are investigating the discovery of a dead white rhino with both horns removed. The carcass was found at the Wabi Game Lodge, near Waterberg Plateau in the Otjozondjupa Region.

Namibia’s Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), Dr. Kalumbi Shangula, said via New Era that it is not yet known whether or not the rhino was killed deliberately for the horns, or if the horns were stolen after the rhino had died of another cause.

Rhino hotline

In May 2011, Namibia’s Minister of Environment and Tourism, Hon Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, launched a new SMS hotline.

Our best weapon against poachers is you, the public. You are the eyes and ears of the nation. Poaching will affect your life. Rhino poaching will steal from you and your family. It will rob you financially and spiritually. We are the generation that is the custodians of these, God’s remarkable creatures. And we must protect them.

The public is advised to call 55555 if any unusual activities are noticed.

Hundreds of rhinos in Namibia have already been fitted with transmitters, which will alert authorities if a rhino disappears for a few hours or is inactive.

Rhinos in Namibia

Namibia is home to the world’s largest concentration of South-western black rhinos (Diceros bicornis bicornis), which are adapted to arid desert conditions.

The Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) recently stated that the country’s population of this subspecies now exceeds 1,500.

Approximately 370 Southern white rhinos also reside in Namibia, according to a 2009 report published by TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network.

No medicinal value in rhino horn

Rhinos are still being killed with alarming frequency, due to the demand for illegal rhino horn, a sought-after ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

However, rhino horn’s alleged efficacy is based on a myth, as scientific analysis has determined that rhino horn is of no medicinal value.

Image (black rhino at Etosha) © iStockphoto.com

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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The Littlest Victims: Orphaned Baby Rhinos

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 22:25:34 +0000

Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web, we do to ourselves. All things are bound together. All things connect. – Chief Seattle

As the demand for illegal rhino horn continues to grow, so does the list of victims.

Among these victims are baby rhinos who are not only orphaned, but have witnessed the brutal murders and mutilations of their mothers.

Here are just a few of the atrocities which left baby rhinos behind – atrocities committed because of medicinal myths about rhino horn:

June 20^th, 2011: A four-month-old calf was orphaned when a female white rhino was killed on a private game farm in Hoedspruit, Limpopo Province.
June 5^th, 2011: Swaziland’s first rhino poaching tragedy in nearly 20 years left a young calf behind.
December 29^th, 2010: A six-month-old calf was orphaned in North West Province.
December 13^th, 2010: The bodies of three male rhinos were found in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, and a female in the Emakhosini-Ophathe Heritage Park. A young calf was left behind by the killing of the mother rhino.

During the first week of December 2010, two female rhinos – mother and daughter – were brutally murdered in the Botsalano Game Reserve near the Botswana border.

The mother rhino’s younger calf was left alone. Read An Orphaned Baby Rhino Gone Too Soon: Vusi’s Story.

In the fall of 2010, a young calf was orphaned in Nepal when her mother was electrocuted by a fence that had been illegally set by a farmer.

Unspeakable crimes

Sometimes, the baby rhinos are murdered, too.

May 2 ^nd, 2011: A mother rhino and her four-month-old calf were slaughtered for their horns in Limpopo Province.
April 20^th, 2011: Three rhinos, including one calf, were murdered in Kruger National Park, South Africa.

At the beginning of 2008, a greater one-horned rhino and her calf were both killed in Kaziranga National Park, India.

WARNING: THIS VIDEO CONTAINS EXTREMELY GRAPHIC IMAGES.

Who among us can forget the dark day in Zimbabwe, at Imire Safari Ranch on November 7^th, 2007 when three black rhinos and an unborn calf were brutally slain – leaving a baby black rhino orphaned and traumatized?

WARNING: THIS VIDEO CONTAINS EXTREMELY GRAPHIC IMAGES.

Note about the video: It has since been determined that the market for illegal rhino horn is driven by demand in China and Vietnam, not Yemen.

The ‘moral chasm’

How can we reconcile the moral chasm that lies between a 5,000-pound rhino carcass and a few pounds of harvested horn? It’s difficult not to feel that all of humanity has let these animals down by failing to protect them from our species’ worst impulses. – Jeff Corwin, from his book 100 Heartbeats: The Race to Save Earth’s Most Endangered Species.

How can we, indeed?

Photo and image credits: #1 & 5 © iStockphoto.com; #2 courtesy and © Pam Krzyza; #3 courtesy and © Suman Bhattarai (PARC/Nepal); #4 © Saving Rhinos LLC

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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Rhino Horn Robbers Busted in Belgium

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Fri, 17 Jun 2011 19:53:11 +0000

Illegal rhino horn trade spreads further.

Police in Belgium have arrested a pair of rhino horn thieves who attempted to steal the head of a rhinoceros from the Liege natural science museum on Thursday.

One of the suspects tore a horn off the stuffed rhino head and sprayed teargas on the museum guards before getting into a waiting vehicle with Dutch plates.

According to Expatica.com, the two were taken into custody after being stopped at a roadblock.

The robber, who had torn off the head of the stuffed rhino and pulled away a horn, made off to a waiting vehicle with Dutch number-plates after tear-gassing the guards. Police threw up roadblocks and brought in the pair, both Poles.

The rhino’s horn was returned to the museum, where it will hopefully be placed in a secure location.

Just days ago, museums were warned to remove rhino horn from displays and online databases because of increased rhino horn thefts.

Why all the rhino horn frenzy?

Find out at:

How to help

Learn more about our rhino crisis awareness campaigns:

Bust the Myth – Save the Species campaign
Rhino Horn is NOT Medicine campaign

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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UK’s Chester Zoo Launches New Campaign to Protect Black Rhinos in Kenya and Tanzania

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 06:03:38 +0000

The Chester Zoo is helping critically endangered black rhinos in the wild.

A new campaign called Act for Wildlife has been launched by the UK’s Chester Zoo. The campaign is raising support and awareness for endangered species in the wild – including black rhinos.

Critically endangered black rhinos

In 1970, 65,000 black rhinos roamed the African continent. However, by 1993, the demand for illegal rhino horn decimated this species to just 2,300.

Conservation efforts have increased the critically endangered black rhino population to 4,860 today. Only three subspecies are surviving – the Southwestern, Southern central and the Eastern black rhino. Sadly, the Western black rhino subspecies is now believed to be extinct.

The Eastern black rhino subspecies (Diceros bicornis michaeli) is the least numerous of the three; only around 700 remain in the wild.

Most Eastern black rhinos are found in Kenya, with small populations in Tanzania and South Africa.

Conservation and communities

The Chester Zoo’s Eastern black rhino breeding program has been instrumental in the conservation of this species, and the Act for Wildlife campaign supports three projects to help protect black rhinos in the wild – two in Kenya and one in Tanzania.

Maasailand Preservation Trust in Chyulu Hills – Kenya
Laikipia Wildlife Forum – Kenya
George Adamson Wildlife Preservation Trust in Mkomazi National Park – Tanzania

Antony Kasanga, Information Officer for the Maasailand Preservation Trust and Field Co-ordinator for the Black Rhino project at Chyulu Hills, explains how the project is important to both rhinos and the local community.

We employ around 45 game scouts and rangers, all from the local Maasai communities. Our rhino rangers work alongside the Kenya Wildlife Service, to monitor and protect our rhinos as threats continue to increase.

The game scouts also have a huge role in protecting local habitat and wildlife. The area is a crucial water catchment for both people and wildlife, including elephant, cheetah, lion and African wild dog. Each year the game scouts confiscate hundreds of snares, arrows, spears and other tools used by poachers. They make around 800 arrests each year.

As the rhino crisis spreads across the African continent, Act for Wildlife works to protect rhinos by funding intensive anti-poaching activities and community education projects.

Working together is the only way we can make sure the black rhino is protected, and saved from extinction.

Learn more about the Chester Zoo’s Act for Wildlife campaign: Check out the Act for Wildlife website and Facebook® page to see how you can help.

Photos and Act for Wildlife logo courtesy of Michelle Duma, Chester Zoo

Rhishja Cota-Larson

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Rhino Experts Gather at International Conference

Rhishja Cota-Larson — Sun, 05 Jun 2011 17:57:17 +0000

It was a veritable ‘who’s who’ of the rhino world at the 2011 International Rhino Keeper Association Workshop.

Leading authorities in rhino husbandry and conservation met recently in Texas for the only conference of its kind, the International Rhino Keeper Workshop, to share information experienced through captive management and field study.

The event is presented every two years by the International Rhino Keeper Association (IRKA), a nonprofit organization promoting professional collaboration, development and practices to advance rhinoceros conservation worldwide.

Participants from the US, UK, Switzerland, Australia, and Singapore enjoyed an educational two and a half days of presentations – and an excursion to Fossil Rim Wildlife Center in Glen Rose, Texas.
IRKA President Adam Felts spoke enthusiastically about the outcome of this year’s event.

This workshop was one of the best to date! Our vision for these workshops is to collaborate and learn from one another to protect and promote the general welfare of all species of rhinos. Bringing together rhino experts from the field and zoo settings is an invaluable opportunity to enhance our knowledge, as well as mobilize plans that positively impact the lives of these animals.

The entire workshop agenda is available at the IRKA website.

Ex situ topics

An impressive array of ex situ topics included breeding programs, enclosure and habitat design, nutrition, skin issues in the black rhino and foot care of the greater one-horned rhino.

Here are just a few:

Artificial insemination in greater one-horned rhinoceros (Dr. Monica Stoops, Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden – CREW)
Rhinoceros Conservation at Taronga Western Plains Zoo (Dr. Benn Bryant, Taronga Western Plains Zoo, Australia)
Indian rhinos – What zoos can do to protect this species ex-situ and in-situ (Dr. Frederike von Houwald, Zoo Basel, Switzerland)
Training and foot care in Chester Zoo’s Greater one horned rhinoceros (Sarah Beck, Chester Zoo, UK)
Eosynophylic Granulomas and their Treatment in Captive Black Rhinos – A Collaboration Treatment Plan (Dr. Jim Oosterhuis, San Diego Zoo’s Safari Park)
Captivity-induced iron-storage disease in rhinos and other exotic wildlife (Dr. Don Paglia, UCLA Hematology Research Lab)

Check out the complete list of speakers and videos of the presentations here.

In addition to the speakers, several poster presentations were on display throughout the entire event. On the second day of the workshop, participants had the opportunity to discuss the poster presentations during an informative Q and A session.

All poster topics can be seen here.

In situ topics

Regarding wild rhino populations, the urgent issues of skyrocketing demand for rhino horn and the involvement of organized crime syndicates were discussed. Habitat threats facing Sumatran and Javan rhinos were addressed.

Despite the ever-present dangers to wild rhinos, South Africa, Kenya, and Namibia have experienced increased rhino numbers. India’s greater one-horned rhinos are also on the rise, and Nepal’s population continues to be closely monitored. Unfortunately, Zimbabwe’s rhino population has started to decline, as a result of the ongoing rhino crisis.

Status of rhino populations and conservation efforts (Dr. Susie Ellis, International Rhino Foundation)
Status, trends, and challenges facing African Rhino in the wild (Dr. Richard Emslie, IUCN African Rhino Specialist Group)
Saving Rhinos in the Wild; Anti-Poaching, Anti-Trafficking, Rhino Monitoring and Translocations (Dr. Barney Long, World Wildlife Fund)

New public awareness campaign unveiled
Saving Rhinos’ Bust the Myth – Save the Species campaign display was unveiled for the first time at the event. Visit our Bust the Myth page to learn more.

Tour of Fossil Rim

The workshop concluded with a tour of Fossil Rim Wildlife Center.

At this expansive facility, 50 species roam peacefully in approximately 1,700 acres of pastures.

We were greeted with impressive views of wide open spaces and were given the unique opportunity to check out both black and white rhinos in special behind-the-scenes access.

Learn more about IRKA

To learn more about the International Rhino Keeper Association:

International Rhino Keeper Association website (rhinokeeperassociation.org)
International Rhino Keeper Association on Facebook®

The next workshop will be held in 2013.

The International Rhino Keeper Association and International Rhino Foundation are also having a rhino photography contest which runs until July 31^st. The winners will be featured in the IRKA/IRF’s 2012 Rhino Calendar. The calendars will be sold for USD $25 each, with the funds raised going to help Rhino Protection Units (RPUs) with supplies and equipment. Please visit the IRKA website to download an entry form.

Photo #1 and IRKA logo courtesy of Adam Felts, International Rhino Keeper Association. Photo #2 and #3: Saving Rhinos LLC

Rhishja Cota-Larson

I am the founder of Saving Rhinos LLC, which publishes news and information about the global rhino crisis. Besides writing Rhino Horn is Not Medicine, I am the author of the book Murder, Myths & Medicine, the Editor of Project Pangolin, and a writer for the environmental news blog Planetsave. When I'm not blogging about the illegal wildlife trade, I like to rock out to live music.

Website - Twitter - Facebook - More Posts

See Rhino Horn is Not Medicine for more information.